کاربرد های ایمونوسیتوشیمی

Immunocytochemistry is classically defined as a procedure to detect antigens in cellular contexts using antibodies. However, over the years many aspects of this procedure have evolved within a plethora of experimental setups. There are different ways to prepare a given specimen, different kinds of antibodies to apply, different techniques for imaging, and different methods of analyzing the data. In this book, various ways of performing each individual step of immunocytochemistry in different cellular contexts are exemplified and discussed. Applications of Immunocytochemistry offers technical and background information on different steps of immunocytochemistry and presents the application of this technique and its adaptations in cell lines, neural tissue, pancreatic tissue, sputum cells, sperm cells, preimplantation embryo, arabidopsis, fish gonads, and Leishmania. Crop plants are att acked by a vast number of plant pathogens that caused various types of yield losses ranging from blemishes to complete crop losses. In some systems, plant pathogens are diffi cult to manage because their populations vary in time, space, and genotype. Chapters 1 to 9 addressed issues related to fungicide effi cacy on various crops and in various environments. Plant pathogens evolve, oft en overcoming the action of fungicides. The fi rst families of fungicides introduced prior to 1970 were mostly multi-sites fungal inhibitors most oft en used to protected plant from pathogen’s attack. Despite their widespread use, resistance to these compounds was rarely reported. However, following the introduction of single-site fungicides, resistance has become a major problem.